Accessibility is one of those things that gets a lot of lip service everywhere, but for able-bodied designers, it can be something that comes second, something that can be ignored until someone forces you to retrofit some course or other design in order to be in compliance. I know that it was that way with me until, during a recent elearning project, I really began to focus on the tenets of accessible design. In the interest of working out loud and reflection, and inspired by a group discussion on LinkedIn, I’d like to share some lessons learned, tips, and resources to help you to design with accessibility in mind.
Accessible Design is Good Design
Perhaps the most important thing I learned was that, far from being some complicated burden of compliance, accessible design practices really just amount to good design. Consider some of the most basic tenets of web accessibility:
- Structure and tag your content appropriately: A well-ordered page with headings in descending order and alternate text for images just makes good design sense. You wouldn’t want to see a web page or document, for example, where you couldn’t tell what the topics were or in what order you were meant to read them. Likewise, if you were on a page and an image link was broken, how much more helpful would it be to see a little description of what should be there rather than just the broken image icon?
- Provide alternatives to media: How many of you use close captioning or subtitles? I would be willing to bet that the majority of you do. I know that my biggest complaint is always that I can’t hear unless I can read. How many times would you rather skip a story made up of video and simply read an article, or at least, read the article first to decide whether the video is worth watching? For me, that’s most of the time. Again, it just makes sense to provide the user, every user, an alternate way to access your content. It’s also great for SEO!
- Make sure your content is legible and understandable: Granted, there are times when you might make a valid design decision to make some text small. On a poster or flyer, say, small text, when contrasted with larger text can draw your viewer’s interest, making them curious. But for most, if not all of the elearning that you or I design, making sure that users can understand our content is of paramount importance. That means choosing color schemes and fonts that contrast and display well. It means designing forms, links, inputs, and the like so that they are clearly identifiable and users understand how to use them.
- Consider navigation: Thinking accessibility goes beyond just putting a skip navigation link in your elearning. Consider people who need to (or prefer to) use the keyboard as opposed to the mouse. Can they tab to different things on your page? When they tab, can they clearly see where they are on the page? When they tab, are they going in the appropriate reading order? Can they use the keyboard to choose answers to questions or submit answers? Again, this is just good design.
This isn’t rocket science but it does take some mindfulness. I can almost hear you saying, “Yeah, Kristin, you make it sound easy but it really isn’t.” In some ways, I’d agree with you. Many of the basics are things that we should be implementing for usability in every design, but there are definitely some special cases to consider for true accessibility and for elearning. But that brings me to another important lesson I learned.
Get Over It
I know that when I first started on the course, not only did I (wrongly) view accessibility as some kind of strange, foreign burden, it also seemed to be specially designed to stunt my creative process. I couldn’t use too much video, I told myself, I couldn’t use animations. Looking back, I can recognize these complaints as my ignorance and my fear of having to do more work. We all have deadlines and, if you’re like me, you’re also the one-stop-shop: graphic designer, developer, instructional designer, editor, and QA person. And developing accessible elearning could mean developing an alternate activity or even a completely separate module. And we shouldn’t be afraid to do that, if that’s what’s necessary. Furthermore, I found that having to think of equally challenging accessible activities encouraged me to think out of the box. A drag and drop activity to reconstruct a broken glass plane became a logic puzzle with clues in a Word doc. An interactive panorama became a piece of interactive fiction with links for participants to go through the rooms of a crime scene, read about, and collect evidence. Was it tough going? Yep. But it’s important.
Accessible First
The last lesson I have to share is the prime importance of designing with accessibility in mind right from the beginning. It’s really when you try to take something you’ve already designed and try to retrofit it that you start to get frazzled and frustrated. When you’re prototyping or storyboarding or whatever process you use, take time think about and design the accessible alternatives to media and interactions. Without a doubt, waiting until the end is the surest way to shoot yourself in the foot.
Wrap-Up
Stay tuned for Part 2, where I’ll share some tips and tools for making your eLearning more accessible. What do you think? Have you tackled accessibility in your designs? What were your struggles? What were your epiphanies?